=head1 LICENSE

Copyright [1999-2015] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and the EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute
Copyright [2016-2023] EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.

=cut


=head1 CONTACT

  Please email comments or questions to the public Ensembl
  developers list at <http://lists.ensembl.org/mailman/listinfo/dev>.

  Questions may also be sent to the Ensembl help desk at
  <http://www.ensembl.org/Help/Contact>.

=cut

=head1 NAME

=head1 SYNOPSIS

=head1 DESCRIPTION

=head1 METHODS

=cut

package Bio::EnsEMBL::IdMapping::StableIdMapper;

use strict;
use warnings;
no warnings 'uninitialized';

use Bio::EnsEMBL::IdMapping::BaseObject;
our @ISA = qw(Bio::EnsEMBL::IdMapping::BaseObject);

use Bio::EnsEMBL::Utils::Exception qw(throw warning);
use Bio::EnsEMBL::Utils::ScriptUtils qw(inject path_append);
use Bio::EnsEMBL::IdMapping::ScoredMappingMatrix;
use POSIX qw(strftime);


# instance variables
my %debug_mappings;


sub new {
  my $caller = shift;
  my $class = ref($caller) || $caller;
  my $self = $class->SUPER::new(@_);

  # inject a StableIdGenerator
  #
  # If you write your own generators, make sure they extend
  # Bio::EnsEMBL::Idmapping::BaseObject and additionally implement these three
  # methods: initial_stable_id(), increment_stable_id() and calculate_version().
  my $stable_id_generator = $self->conf->param('plugin_stable_id_generator') ||
    'Bio::EnsEMBL::IdMapping::StableIdGenerator::EnsemblGeneric';
  $self->logger->debug("Using $stable_id_generator to generate stable Ids.\n");
  inject($stable_id_generator);
  
  # create a new StableIdGenerator object
  my $generator_instance = $stable_id_generator->new(
      -LOGGER       => $self->logger,
      -CONF         => $self->conf,
      -CACHE        => $self->cache
  );
  $self->stable_id_generator($generator_instance);

  return $self;
}


sub generate_mapping_session {
  my $self = shift;

  # only run this method once
  return if ($self->mapping_session_date);

  $self->logger->info("Generating new mapping_session...\n");

  $self->mapping_session_date(time);
  $self->mapping_session_date_fmt(strftime("%Y-%m-%d %T",
    localtime($self->mapping_session_date)));
  
  my $s_dba = $self->cache->get_DBAdaptor('source');
  my $s_dbh = $s_dba->dbc->db_handle;
  my $t_dba = $self->cache->get_DBAdaptor('target');
  my $t_dbh = $t_dba->dbc->db_handle;

  # check if mapping_session_id was manually set by the configuration
  my $mapping_session_id = $self->conf->param('mapping_session_id');
  
  if ($mapping_session_id) {
    
    $self->logger->debug("Using manually configured mapping_session_id $mapping_session_id\n", 1);
  
  } else {

    # calculate mapping_session_id from db
    my $sql = qq(SELECT MAX(mapping_session_id) FROM mapping_session);
    $mapping_session_id = $self->fetch_value_from_db($s_dbh, $sql);

    unless ($mapping_session_id) {
      $self->logger->debug("No previous mapping_session found.\n", 1);
    }
    
    # increment last mapping_session_id
    $mapping_session_id++;

    $self->logger->debug("Using mapping_session_id $mapping_session_id\n", 1);
  }

  $self->mapping_session_id($mapping_session_id);

  # write old mapping_session table to a file
  my $i;
  my $fh = $self->get_filehandle('mapping_session.txt', 'tables');

  my $sth1 = $s_dbh->prepare("SELECT * FROM mapping_session");
  $sth1->execute;

  while (my @row = $sth1->fetchrow_array) {
    $i++;
    print $fh join("\t", @row);
    print $fh "\n";
  }

  $sth1->finish;
  
  # append the new mapping_session to the file
  my $release_sql = qq(
    SELECT meta_value FROM meta WHERE meta_key = 'schema_version'
  );
  my $old_release = $self->fetch_value_from_db($s_dbh, $release_sql);
  my $new_release = $self->fetch_value_from_db($t_dbh, $release_sql);
  
  my $assembly_sql = qq(
    SELECT meta_value FROM meta WHERE meta_key = 'assembly.default'
  );
  my $old_assembly = $self->fetch_value_from_db($s_dbh, $assembly_sql);
  my $new_assembly = $self->fetch_value_from_db($t_dbh, $assembly_sql);

  unless ($old_release and $new_release and $old_assembly and $new_assembly) {
    $self->logger->warning("Not all data for new mapping_session found:\n", 1);
    $self->logger->info("old_release: $old_release, new_release: $new_release");
    $self->logger->info("old_assembly: $old_assembly, new_assembly $new_assembly\n", 2);
  }

  print $fh join("\t",
                 $mapping_session_id,
                 $self->conf->param('sourcedbname'),
                 $self->conf->param('targetdbname'),
                 $old_release,
                 $new_release,
                 $old_assembly,
                 $new_assembly,
                 $self->mapping_session_date_fmt);

  print $fh "\n";
  close($fh);
  
  $self->logger->info("Done writing ".++$i." mapping_session entries.\n\n");
}


sub map_stable_ids {
  my $self = shift;
  my $mappings = shift;
  my $type = shift;
  
  unless ($mappings and
          $mappings->isa('Bio::EnsEMBL::IdMapping::MappingList')) {
    throw("Need a Bio::EnsEMBL::IdMapping::MappingList of ${type}s.");
  }

  # generate a new mapping_session and write all mapping_session data to a file
  $self->generate_mapping_session;

  $self->logger->info("== Stable ID mapping for $type...\n\n", 0, 'stamped');

  # check if there are any objects of this type at all
  my %all_sources = %{ $self->cache->get_by_name("${type}s_by_id", 'source') };
  my %all_targets = %{ $self->cache->get_by_name("${type}s_by_id", 'target') };
  unless (scalar(keys %all_sources)) {
    $self->logger->info("No cached ${type}s found.\n\n");
    return;
  }

  my %stats = map { $_ => 0 }
    qw(mapped new lost);

  # create some lookup hashes from the mappings
  my %sources_mapped = ();
  my %targets_mapped = ();
  my %scores_by_target = ();

  foreach my $e (@{ $mappings->get_all_Entries }) {
    $sources_mapped{$e->source} = $e->target;
    $targets_mapped{$e->target} = $e->source;
    $scores_by_target{$e->target} = $e->score;
  }

  # determine starting stable ID for new assignments
  my $new_stable_id = $self->stable_id_generator->initial_stable_id($type);

  #
  # assign mapped and new stable IDs
  #
  foreach my $tid (keys %all_targets) {

    my $t_obj = $all_targets{$tid};
    
    # a mapping exists, assign stable ID accordingly
    if (my $sid = $targets_mapped{$tid}) {
      
      my $s_obj = $all_sources{$sid};

      # set target's stable ID and created_date
      $t_obj->stable_id($s_obj->stable_id);
      $t_obj->created_date($s_obj->created_date);

      # calculate and set version
      my $old_version = $s_obj->version();
      my $new_version = $self->stable_id_generator->calculate_version($s_obj, $t_obj) ;
      $t_obj->version($new_version);

      # change modified_date if version changed
      if ($old_version == $new_version) {
        $t_obj->modified_date($s_obj->modified_date);
      } else {
        $t_obj->modified_date($self->mapping_session_date);
        # If version changed, score cannot be 1
        if ($scores_by_target{$tid} == 1) {
          $scores_by_target{$tid} = 0.99;
        }
      }

      # create a stable_id_event entry (not for exons)
      unless ( $type eq 'exon' ) {
        # Only add events when something changed.
        if ( !( $s_obj->stable_id eq $t_obj->stable_id &&
                $s_obj->version == $t_obj->version &&
                $scores_by_target{$tid} > 0.9999 ) )
        {
          my $key = join( "\t",
                          $s_obj->stable_id,         $s_obj->version,
                          $t_obj->stable_id,         $t_obj->version,
                          $self->mapping_session_id, $type,
                          $scores_by_target{$tid} );
          $self->add_stable_id_event( 'new', $key );
        }
      }

      # add to debug hash
      push @{ $debug_mappings{$type} }, [ $sid, $tid, $t_obj->stable_id ];

      # stats
      $stats{'mapped'}++;

    # no mapping was found, assign a new stable ID
    } else {
      
      $t_obj->stable_id($new_stable_id);
      $t_obj->version(1);
      $t_obj->created_date($self->mapping_session_date);
      $t_obj->modified_date($self->mapping_session_date);

      # create a stable_id_event entry (not for exons)
      unless ($type eq 'exon') {
        my $key = join("\t",
                       '\N',
                       0,
                       $t_obj->stable_id,
                       $t_obj->version,
                       $self->mapping_session_id,
                       $type,
                       0
        );
        $self->add_stable_id_event('new', $key);
      }

      # increment the stable Id (to be assigned to the next unmapped object)
      $new_stable_id = $self->stable_id_generator->increment_stable_id(
        $new_stable_id);

      # stats
      $stats{'new'}++;

    }

  }
  
  #
  # deletion events for lost sources
  # 
  my $fh;
  if ($type eq 'gene' or $type eq 'transcript') {
    $fh = $self->get_filehandle("${type}s_lost.txt", 'debug');
  }
  
  foreach my $sid (keys %all_sources) {

    my $s_obj = $all_sources{$sid};
    
    # no mapping exists, add deletion event
    unless ($sources_mapped{$sid}) {
      unless ($type eq 'exon') {
        my $key = join("\t",
                       $s_obj->stable_id,
                       $s_obj->version,
                       '\N',
                       0,
                       $self->mapping_session_id,
                       $type,
                       0
        );
        $self->add_stable_id_event('new', $key);
      }

      # stats
      my $status;
      $stats{'lost'}++;

      # log lost genes and transcripts (for debug purposes)
      #
      # The Java app did this with a separate method
      # (StableIdMapper.dumpLostGeneAndTranscripts()) which also claims to log
      # losses due to merge. Since at that point this data isn't available yet
      # the logging can be done much more efficient here
      if ($type eq 'gene' or $type eq 'transcript') {
        print $fh $s_obj->stable_id, "\t$status\n";
      }
    }
  }

  close($fh) if (defined($fh));

  #
  # write stable IDs to file
  #
  $self->write_stable_ids_to_file($type, \%all_targets);

  # also generate and write stats to file
  $self->generate_mapping_stats($type, \%stats);

  $self->logger->info("Done.\n\n");
}


sub generate_similarity_events {
  my ( $self, $mappings, $scores, $type ) = @_;

  # argument checks
  unless ( $mappings and
           $mappings->isa('Bio::EnsEMBL::IdMapping::MappingList') )
  {
    throw('Need a gene Bio::EnsEMBL::IdMapping::MappingList.');
  }

  unless ( $scores and
          $scores->isa('Bio::EnsEMBL::IdMapping::ScoredMappingMatrix') )
  {
    throw('Need a Bio::EnsEMBL::IdMapping::ScoredMappingMatrix.');
  }

  throw("Need a type (gene|transcript|translation).") unless ($type);

  my $mapped;

  foreach my $e ( @{ $mappings->get_all_Entries } ) {

    # create lookup hash for mapped sources and targets; we'll need this
    # later
    $mapped->{'source'}->{ $e->source } = 1;
    $mapped->{'target'}->{ $e->target } = 1;

  } ## end foreach my $e ( @{ $mappings...})

  #
  # similarities for other entries
  #
  foreach my $dbtype ( keys %$mapped ) {

    # note: $dbtype will be either 'source' or 'target'
    my $m1 = "get_all_${dbtype}s";
    my $m2 = "get_Entries_for_${dbtype}";

    foreach my $id ( @{ $scores->$m1 } ) {

      # skip if this is a mapped source/target
      if ( $mapped->{$dbtype}->{$id} ) { next }

      my @entries =
        sort { $b->score <=> $a->score } @{ $scores->$m2($id) };

      unless (@entries) { next }

      # skip if top score < 0.75
      my $top_score = $entries[0]->score;
      if ( $top_score < 0.75 ) { next }

      # add similarities for all entries within 5% of top scorer
      while ( my $e = shift(@entries) ) {

        if ( $mapped->{'source'}->{$e->source} ) { next ; }
        if ( $mapped->{'target'}->{$e->target} ) { next ; }

        if ( $e->score > ( $top_score*0.95 ) ) {

          my $s_obj =
            $self->cache->get_by_key( "${type}s_by_id", 'source',
                                      $e->source );
          my $t_obj =
            $self->cache->get_by_key( "${type}s_by_id", 'target',
                                      $e->target );

          my $key = join( "\t",
                          $s_obj->stable_id,         $s_obj->version,
                          $t_obj->stable_id,         $t_obj->version,
                          $self->mapping_session_id, $type,
                          $e->score );
          $self->add_stable_id_event( 'similarity', $key );

        }
      }

    } ## end foreach my $id ( @{ $scores...})
  } ## end foreach my $dbtype ( keys %$mapped)

} ## end sub generate_similarity_events


sub filter_same_gene_transcript_similarities {
  my $self = shift;
  my $transcript_scores = shift;

  # argument checks
  unless ($transcript_scores and
      $transcript_scores->isa('Bio::EnsEMBL::IdMapping::ScoredMappingMatrix')) {
    throw('Need a Bio::EnsEMBL::IdMapping::ScoredMappingMatrix of transcripts.');
  }

  # create a new matrix for the filtered entries
  my $filtered_scores = Bio::EnsEMBL::IdMapping::ScoredMappingMatrix->new(
    -DUMP_PATH   => path_append($self->conf->param('basedir'), 'matrix'),
    -CACHE_FILE  => 'filtered_transcript_scores.ser',
  );

  # lookup hash for all target transcripts
  my %all_targets = map { $_->stable_id => 1 }
    values %{ $self->cache->get_by_name("transcripts_by_id", 'target') };

  my $i = 0;

  foreach my $e (@{ $transcript_scores->get_all_Entries }) {

    my $s_tr = $self->cache->get_by_key('transcripts_by_id', 'source',
      $e->source);
    my $s_gene = $self->cache->get_by_key('genes_by_transcript_id', 'source',
      $e->source);
    my $t_gene = $self->cache->get_by_key('genes_by_transcript_id', 'target',
      $e->target);
    # workaround for caching issue: only gene objects in 'genes_by_id' cache
    # have a stable ID assigned
    #$t_gene = $self->cache->get_by_key('genes_by_id', 'target', $t_gene->id);

    #$self->logger->debug("xxx ".join(":", $s_tr->stable_id, $s_gene->stable_id,
    #  $t_gene->stable_id)."\n");

    # skip if source and target transcript are in same gene, BUT keep events for
    # deleted transcripts
    if (($s_gene->stable_id eq $t_gene->stable_id) and
      $all_targets{$s_tr->stable_id}) {
        $i++;
        next;
    }

    $filtered_scores->add_Entry($e);
  }
  
  $self->logger->debug("Skipped $i same gene transcript mappings.\n");

  return $filtered_scores;
}


sub generate_translation_similarity_events {
  my $self = shift;
  my $mappings = shift;
  my $transcript_scores = shift;

  # argument checks
  unless ($mappings and
          $mappings->isa('Bio::EnsEMBL::IdMapping::MappingList')) {
    throw('Need a gene Bio::EnsEMBL::IdMapping::MappingList.');
  }

  unless ($transcript_scores and
      $transcript_scores->isa('Bio::EnsEMBL::IdMapping::ScoredMappingMatrix')) {
    throw('Need a Bio::EnsEMBL::IdMapping::ScoredMappingMatrix.');
  }

  # create a fake translation scoring matrix
  my $translation_scores = Bio::EnsEMBL::IdMapping::ScoredMappingMatrix->new(
    -DUMP_PATH   => path_append($self->conf->param('basedir'), 'matrix'),
    -CACHE_FILE  => 'translation_scores.ser',
  );

  foreach my $e (@{ $transcript_scores->get_all_Entries }) {
  
    my $s_tl = $self->cache->get_by_key('transcripts_by_id', 'source',
      $e->source)->translation;
    my $t_tl = $self->cache->get_by_key('transcripts_by_id', 'target',
      $e->target)->translation;

    # add an entry to the translation scoring matrix using the score of the
    # corresponding transcripts
    if ($s_tl and $t_tl) {
      $translation_scores->add_score($s_tl->id, $t_tl->id, $e->score);
    }
  }

  # now generate similarity events using this fake scoring matrix
  $self->generate_similarity_events($mappings, $translation_scores,
    'translation');
}


sub write_stable_ids_to_file {
  my $self = shift;
  my $type = shift;
  my $all_targets = shift;
  
  $self->logger->info("Writing ${type} stable IDs to file...\n");

  my $fh = $self->get_filehandle("${type}_stable_id.txt", 'tables');
  
  my @sorted_targets = map { $all_targets->{$_} } sort { $a <=> $b }
    keys %$all_targets;
  
  foreach my $obj (@sorted_targets) {

    # check for missing created and modified dates
    my $created_date = $obj->created_date;
    unless ($created_date) {
      #$self->logger->debug("Missing created_date for target ".
      #  $obj->to_string."\n", 1);
      $created_date = $self->mapping_session_date;
    }
    
    my $modified_date = $obj->modified_date;
    unless ($modified_date) {
      #$self->logger->debug("Missing modified_date for target ".
      #  $obj->to_string."\n", 1);
      $modified_date = $self->mapping_session_date;
    }
    
    my $row = join("\t",
                   $obj->id,
                   $obj->stable_id,
                   $obj->version,
                   strftime("%Y-%m-%d %T", localtime($created_date)),
                   strftime("%Y-%m-%d %T", localtime($modified_date)),
    );

    print $fh "$row\n";
  }

  close($fh);

  $self->logger->info("Done writing ".scalar(@sorted_targets)." entries.\n\n");
}


sub generate_mapping_stats {
  my $self = shift;
  my $type = shift;
  my $stats = shift;

  my $result = ucfirst($type)." mapping results:\n\n";

  my $fmt1 = "%-10s%-10s%-10s%-10s\n";
  my $fmt2 = "%-10s%6.0f    %6.0f    %4.2f%%\n";

  $result .= sprintf($fmt1, qw(TYPE MAPPED LOST PERCENTAGE));
  $result .= ('-'x40)."\n";

  my $mapped_total = $stats->{'mapped'};
  my $lost_total = $stats->{'lost'};

  $result .= sprintf($fmt2, 'total', $mapped_total, $lost_total,
    $mapped_total/($mapped_total+$lost_total)*100);

  # log result
  $self->logger->info($result."\n");

  # write result to file
  my $fh = $self->get_filehandle("${type}_mapping_stats.txt", 'stats');
  print $fh $result;
  close($fh);
}


sub dump_debug_mappings {
  my $self = shift;

  foreach my $type (keys %debug_mappings) {

    $self->logger->debug("Writing $type mappings to debug/${type}_mappings.txt...\n");
    
    my $fh = $self->get_filehandle("${type}_mappings.txt", 'debug');

    foreach my $row (@{ $debug_mappings{$type} }) {
      print $fh join("\t", @$row);
      print $fh "\n";
    }

    close($fh);

    $self->logger->debug("Done.\n");
  }
}


sub write_stable_id_events {
  my $self = shift;
  my $event_type = shift;

  throw("Need an event type (new|similarity).") unless ($event_type);

  $self->logger->debug("Writing $event_type stable_id_events to file...\n");

  my $fh = $self->get_filehandle("stable_id_event_${event_type}.txt", 'tables');
  my $i = 0;

  foreach my $event (@{ $self->get_all_stable_id_events($event_type) }) {
    print $fh "$event\n";
    $i++;
  }

  close($fh);
  
  $self->logger->debug("Done writing $i entries.\n");
}


sub add_stable_id_event {
  my ($self, $type, $event) = @_;

  # argument check
  throw("Need an event type (new|similarity).") unless ($type);

  $self->{'stable_id_events'}->{$type}->{$event} = 1;
}


sub get_all_stable_id_events {
  my ($self, $type) = @_;

  # argument check
  throw("Need an event type (new|similarity).") unless ($type);

  return [ keys %{ $self->{'stable_id_events'}->{$type} } ];
}


sub mapping_session_id {
  my $self = shift;
  $self->{'_mapping_session_id'} = shift if (@_);
  return $self->{'_mapping_session_id'};
}


sub mapping_session_date {
  my $self = shift;
  $self->{'_mapping_session_date'} = shift if (@_);
  return $self->{'_mapping_session_date'};
}


sub mapping_session_date_fmt {
  my $self = shift;
  $self->{'_mapping_session_date_fmt'} = shift if (@_);
  return $self->{'_mapping_session_date_fmt'};
}


sub stable_id_generator {
  my $self = shift;
  $self->{'_stable_id_generator'} = shift if (@_);
  return $self->{'_stable_id_generator'};
}


1;

